4/17/2024 0 Comments Thomson atomic theory![]() ![]() "If we regard the chemical atom as an aggregation of a number of primordial atoms. If, in the very intense electric field in the neighbourhood of the cathode, the molecules of the gas are dissociated and are split up, not into the ordinary chemical atoms, but into these primordial atoms, which we shall for brevity call corpuscles and if these corpuscles are charged with electricity and projected from the cathode by the electric field, they would behave exactly like the cathode rays. ![]() In the form in which this hypothesis was enunciated by Prout, the atoms of the different elements were hydrogen atoms in this precise form the hypothesis is not tenable, but if we substitute for hydrogen some unknown primordial substance X, there is nothing known which is inconsistent with this hypothesis, which is one that has been recently supported by Sir Norman Lockyer for reasons derived from the study of the stellar spectra. "The explanation which seems to me to account in the most simple and straightforward manner for the facts is founded on a view of the constitution of the chemical elements which has been favourably entertained by many chemists: this view is that the atoms of the different chemical elements are different aggregations of atoms of the same kind. The first seed of the model we are discussing appear in his famous 1897 announcement of the discovery of the electron. Thomson had been in the business of proposing atomic models since at least 1881, which is when he proposed his "vortex" model of the atom. Leadup to Thomson's 1904 Model of the Atom His solution was to rule the scientific world for about a decade and Thomson himself would make a major contribution to undermining his own model. Thomson faced two major problems: (1) how to account for the mass of the atom when the electron was only about 1/1000 the mass of the hydrogen atom (the more modern figure is 1/1836) and (2) how to create a neutral atom when the only particle available was negatively charged. Although Dalton did allow for the fact that there might be a sub-atomic structure of which he was unaware. The Greeks taught that the atom was solid, as did Dalton. The internal structure of the atom had been a source of speculation for thousands of years. He also was the first to attempt to incorporate the electron into a structure for the atom. ![]() Thomson discovered the electron, the first subatomic particle. ![]()
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